![]() ![]() A variation on related rates leads to an. Questions used and discussed in class in my 2007 AB and BC Calculus one-week summer institutes. Includes tables indexing each type by year and question numbers. Those surviving virions will continue to infect more cells, making copies of the resistant strains. AP Calculus Free-response Type Questions (1998 2014) A guide to the AP Calculus free-response questions. In part (c) the student earned the first point for the correct ratio. The student’s general term is correct and earned the point. One drug might prevent a large number of virions from replicating, but just a few will be unaffected. In part (b) the response is missing the first term of the first four nonzero terms of the series, so the first point was not earned. Because the virus is constantly changing, it makes it very hard to design drugs and vaccines against it. ![]() HIV mutates quickly because it makes frequent mistakes while replicating its genome. This ability to adapt is what makes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as hard to treat as it is. The virus can eventually reenter the lytic phase when conditions are right. Sometimes a host does not have enough energy or supplies to support the virus to actively replicate, so it will switch to the lysogenic phase. A virus can live in two different phases – the lytic phase (where the virus actively replicates in a host cell) and the lysogenic phase (where the viral DNA incorporate itself into the cell’s DNA and multiples whenever the cell multiplies). Unlike the previous requirement, which required an immediate response, adaptation is a process that takes place over time. questions key ap physics b, 2015 ap calculus ab bc free response question 1. Viruses definitely adapt to their surroundings. Still, very few things in biology are black and white, so let’s check out how viruses do with the rest of the list before we make our final decision.Īdaptation and evolution happen through unintentional changes (mutations) that are advantageous to an entire species. Though some have argued that the capsid and envelope help virions resist change in their environment, the general consensus is that viruses do not pass this first requirement for life. This criterion asks whether an individual virion is capable maintaining a steady-state internal environment on its own. Viruses do not have nuclei, organelles, or cytoplasm like cells do, and so they have no way to monitor or create change in their internal environment. Certain virus strains will have an extra membrane (lipid bilayer) surrounding it called an envelope. A single virus particle is known as a virion, and is made up of a set of genes bundled within a protective protein shell called a capsid. Homeostasis is all about balance – can something control its internal temperature, or its internal contents? In earlier drafts of criteria for life, the requirement was that living things must be made of cells.
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